Something Unknown is Doing We Don’t Know What

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Sally Rhine Feather recommended this documentary about parapsychology from Dutch filmmaker Renée Scheltema. I haven’t seen it yet, but I love the title, Something Unknown is Doing We Don’t Know What. It’s a quote from Sir Arthur Eddington, who was referring to the Uncertainty Principle in quantum physics.

This is Sally’s blurb from the website:

“Something Unknown takes us into the labs of several leading parapsychologists for a front row view into their current investigations. Compelling evidence for psychic phenomena is presented, along with thoughtful, even passionate testimony about the meaning and implications of these findings for humanity. Renee Scheltema has done a great service for parapsychology in creating this artistic and unbiased documentary.”

The Study of Human Experiences Project

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Two people who helped me with my book, Dr. Carlos S. Alvarado and Dr. Nancy L. Zingrone, have set up a new research website called the Study of Human Experiences Project.

In addition to a project they’re working on with residents of Richmond, Virginia, they’re conducting a new online survey which you can participate in by clicking the link in the above paragraph.

Drs. Alvarado and Zingrone are both Assistant Professors of Research at the Division of Perceptual Studies in the Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences of the University of Virginia. (I got the picture of them from their website, as you’ll see!)

Update: Drs. Alvarado and Zingrone have also recently taken positions at the Atlantic University in Virginia Beach! Dr. Zingrone is the new Director of Academic Affairs and Dr. Alvarado is the Scholar in Residence.

Adam Linzmayer

I always felt bad about cutting Adam Linzmayer from my book.  But there were so many people in the first draft it was hard to keep track.  Adam was the lab’s first ESP star, however.  From the Fall of 1930 to the Spring of 1931 he was the young man who energized their work and he is featured in Rhine’s first book, Extra-Sensory Perception (1935).

Adam was a working class kid from New Jersey.  He grew up in the kind of neighborhood where if you studied or went to college, “this was not good,” he said.   Unfortunately, Adam never finished his education at Duke due to the Depression. That always bothered him. “It still hurts,” he said in an interview four decades later. He was a sensitive man. “Failure affected him deeply,” Rhine once wrote of Adam and sadly, after that one spectacular year of testing Adam never scored well again. Rhine paid for him to return to Duke one more time for more tests, but he did not do well.

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“Doing those tests was extremely exhausting,” Linzmayer said in a 1974 interview with Seymour Mauskopf. “Very tiring.” He said that he felt rushed and that he had told Rhine that, “I could do better if I could take my time.  I can’t turn it off and on.”

But Adam was always proud of his work at Duke and the Parapsychology Laboratory and he kept in touch. He sent the Rhine family Christmas cards every year. At one point Rhine gave a lecture in New Jersey without telling Adam, who lived in the area. When Adam found out he wrote Rhine that he felt bad, and to let him know next time. In 1954, Rhine was once again in New Jersey, giving a lecture and this time Adam proudly attended with his wife and each of his three children.

Adam believed his extraordinary talent came from his mother, who sometimes had a feeling about things. She once had a bad feeling when his brother went to the dentist. A few hours after coming home Adam’s brother fell sick. They took him to the hospital, but he died that very day. His parents were so out of their minds with grief they left Adam at the hospital. Having just lost his brother, he had to walk seven miles home alone in shock. Poor little guy. By the way, a number of people I researched for this book said their mother had abilities. Hubert Pearce said it, and Carl Jung said the same about both his mother and grandmother.

Another interesting thing came out during the 1974 interview. Adam said he was lucky, that he grew up lucky. He liked to shoot craps and he always did well. “I’m a winner always.” Adam told Rhine that he could throw more 7’s than chance, but Rhine didn’t believe him. Rhine bet Adam he couldn’t do it and according to Adam he proved that he could.

It’s well known that the Lab got their idea of doing dice experiments to test psychokinesis from a gambler. Could it have been Adam? (To test whether or not people could affect the movement of objects with their minds, a subject would roll a pair of dice and either they got the roll they tried for or not.  I am greatly simplifying the experiment in this description.)

Ghostbusters 3

I read this Bill Murray quote a couple of weeks ago. I forget where I read it, but it was one in of those free NYC papers. He was talking about a possible Ghostbusters 3.

“It as just this imaginary thing. Honestly it’s just the studio who wants it to be made. We did a great one and then we did another one. It’s hard to go to the well again. But really, they’d just like us to be sort of alive, but pass it off to new guys. I don’t wake up in a sweat about it, but it’s getting so annoying I might just write the damn thing and get it over with.”

These pictures are from the event I did last year at the 92nd Street Y, when I moderated the questions for Dan Aykroyd and his father Peter.

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At the beginning, Dan Aykroyd said he wanted to acknowledge the Ghostbusters in the audience. They looked so happy when he said that to them.

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Letters to the Lab

Now and again I think about this one paragraph from an August 30, 1944 letter of J. B. Rhine’s. I wish I could research it more. Apparently Rhine was having some sort of exchange with one of his donors about Thomas Edison. (I posted about Edison and the afterlife here and here.) But it’s not the part about Edison that haunts me. Here is the paragraph:

“I did not make myself clear about Edison. I am satisfied about the facts. There is a man named Fitzgerald in Detroit who is doing something similar. He is a young physicist. He claims to have read Edison’s notes, as well as those of Steinmetz [famous inventor and engineer who worked with Edison] and Tesla [another famous inventor and engineer]. I have only talked with him over the long-distance telephone. He claims to be able to register electric wave transmission given off by the action of a muscle twenty-five feet across the room. He wants to investigate mediums to discover whether they can transmit some physical force which his machine can pick up. I have a friend in Detroit investigating him.”

I wonder what happened to Fitzgerald. I didn’t copy the entire letter, and I’m not sure why I didn’t. I must have been tired. I’m completely ignorant about things like this though — does the body emit electric waves?

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[That’s a picture of Tesla that I found while googling.]

Oliver Lodge

One June 29, 1940, just under two months before he died, the physicist Oliver Lodge wrote J. B. Rhine. The first half of the letter is typed and the rest is handwritten with a very shaky hand.

Dear Dr. Rhine,

I have heard so much about your experiments in telepathy that I rejoiced to get an authoritative account, and especially to know that a University Professor of Psychology was taking up the subject. And now I find that you were aware of my own work in the same direction, although it was carried on in a back-stairs manner and had no University status At the same time I was personally convinced of the reality of what you have rechristened E.S.P.

I desire no more evidence; only now the subject is on the way to becoming respectable, treated in a handsome volume, published by Henry Holt, & vouched for by several Professor as a branch of Psychology.

Yours faithfully,
Oliver Lodge

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Lodge is referring to the book Extra-Sensory Perception After Sixty Years, which was co-written by J. G. Pratt, J. B. Rhine, Burke M. Smith, Charles E. Stuart, and Joseph A. Greenwood. I double-checked and was happy to see that Rhine had credited all the telepathy experiments that Lodge had undertaken before Rhine. The Lodge letter was very gracious and Rhine was thrilled and proud to get. He wrote a very admiring and grateful letter back.

Ah, the last paragraph from Rhine says this: “I hope, as most Americans do, that the Nazis can be kept from carrying out their threat of destruction of English civilization. I heartily wish we were allied with you on this as we were in 1917.” A year and a half later he would get his wish.

Harry Houdini

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This is just a snippet from a 1954 letter from J. B. Rhine to his daughter Sally, where he briefly mentions a meeting with Houdini. His letter seems to indicate that the encounter was completely friendly, respectful and civil. Since Houdini died in 1926, this meeting would have taken place when Rhine was just starting out in parapsychology.

“I do not think Houdini ever claimed he was doing anything but magic. When Mother and I had our talk with him he showed a serious attitude toward the scientific investigation of psychical matters. That might have been because our sponsor, Dr. Walter Franklin Prince, was with us and he and Houdini were old friends. Dr. Prince claimed that Houdini was really quite open-minded on telepathy and was not sure had had not had some such experiences himself.”

In 1926, Houdini and William McDougall (Rhine’s soon to be mentor) had arranged for a psychical research symposium at Clark University. So that would have taken place just before Houdini died. I remember reading the address McDougall made at Clark. It included this:

“ … it [parapsychological research] runs the risk of leading its students into a slough of despair, or entangling them in a quagmire where no sure footing is found, where will o’ the wisps gleam fitfully on every hand, provoking hopes that are destined to disappointment and emotions that blind us to the dangers of this obscure region … Let it be admitted then that this is no field for the causal amateur … It is a field of research which at every step demands in the highest degree the scientific spirit and all around scientific training and knowledge.”

Not very hopeful! 1926 was also the same year that the Rhines had attended a seance conducted by medium Margery. Shortly after they would publish a paper declaring her a fraud. Houdini had come to the same conclusion two years before. So they had that in common.